| Yun Chi-ho 윤치호 尹致昊 |
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|---|---|
Yun Chi-ho is standing in the rear. His father, Yun Ung-nyeol is seated, wearing the western uniform of the Korean Empire. This photograph captures the general with his family circa 1910. |
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| Born | 16 January 1865 |
| Died | 9 December 1945 (aged 80) (suicide) |
| Yun Chi-ho | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 윤치호 |
| Hanja | 尹致昊 |
| Revised Romanization | Yun Chi-ho |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yun Ch'iho |
| Pen name | |
| Hangul | 좌옹 |
| Hanja | 佐翁 |
| Revised Romanization | Jwaong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Chwaong |
| Japanese name: Itō Chikō (伊東致昊) |
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Yun Chi-ho (1864-1945) was a Korean politician and educator as well as an independence activist in Korea in the early 20th century.
Yun Chi-ho was a member of one of the prominent yangban families of Korea.[1] He was the son of General Yun Ung-nyeol, who served as a minister in the Joseon government.[2]
He attended Vanderbilt University in Tennessee[1] before transferring to Emory University in Georgia.[3] He was also an early leader of the Korean YMCA and a South Korean Methodist.
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Yun Chi-ho was the eldest son of Yun Ung-nyeol (윤웅렬) and Lady Yi Cheong-mu (이정무) of the Jeonju Yi clan. He was born in 1864 in Dunpo, Asan County, South Chungcheong Province.[1] Though his father was a skilled general, as an illegitimate son he was ignored by his colleagues, something the young Yun Chi-ho grew up witnessing. After his father was implicated in the abortive Gapsin Coup attempt of 1884, Yun Chiho saw himself cut off from opportunities in his native land. He studied for awhile in Korea and China - and was converted to Christianity by Western missionaries - before eventually gaining entrance through missionary help first to Vanderbilt and then to Emory University in Georgia, USA. Upon completing his education at Emory in 1893, Yun headed back to Korea via Chicago, where he visited the World's Columbian Exhibition, or Chicago World's Fair.
Yun Chi-ho went on to hold several posts in the government of Joseon Korea, including Minister of Education. He became Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1904.[3] He was a prominent figure, serving as legislator, governor and Privy Councillor.[1]
When the Korean Empire was over-run by Japanese military forces in 1910 (see Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910), Yun Chi-ho joined with others in resisting Japanese occupation. He became an anti-Imperialist speaker and independence activist.[2] In 1913, along with 104 others, he was charged with conspiracy against the Japanese Governor-General at the time, Count Terauchi. He was one of six who were convicted and sentenced to long prison terms.[1] His experiences in prison tempered his willingness to express his nationalist ardor,[2] but he was still considered active in the independence movement.[4]
In 1915, however, he turned away from Korean independence activism to become a pro-Japanese activist.[5] After changing his allegiance to pro-Japanese, he joined many pro-Japanese associations, such as Toyohoe, Joseon-in Gyopungwon and Joseon-chikseon Gwijokwon-gyeong. Contemporary sources indicate that he either claimed or was granted the title of "Baron" within the Japanese hereditary peerage (see Kazoku), which had absorbed the Korean royal and noble rank system upon Korea's annexation by Japan in 1910.[6] In addition, he participated as an executive in Governor-General of Korea.[1] While many reasons are cited for his betrayal of the Korean independence movement (to include his dissatisfaction with his pro-independence compatriots and their apparent ease with the fraud, lack of sanitation, deceit, and hypocrisy that racked the independence movement), it is still not completely clear why such an ardent activist turned his back on the movement.
In 1945, He was elected to the House of Councillors of Imperial Japan (貴族院議員).[7] However, Korea achieved independence from Japanese occupation by the Surrender of Japan, and he returned to Korea, and died in Kaesong. (It is alleged by some that he committed suicide, although there is no evidence to support this.)
Yun Chi-ho was the uncle of Yun Bo-seon, who was President of South Korea in 1960.
Hi was Translation include 'Gulliver's Travels', 'Aesop's Fables'. He was first introduced. 'Gulliver's Travels' and 'Aesop's Fables' to Korea.
He was Father Yun Ung-ryeul, Mother name was Lee Jung-mu(이정무). His napiew was Yun Bo-Seon. He was half-Brother Yun Chi-Wang and Yun Chi-Chang. their mother of Kim JeongSun(김정순). Yun Chi-Young was His Younger Cousin, Son of Yun Young-ryeol(윤영렬).